The Office of the Inspector General conducted an evaluation of Safety and Performance Improvement (SPI) to identify strengths and risks that could impact SPI's organizational effectiveness. Our evaluation identified strengths within SPI related to (1) organizational alignment, (2) customer focus, (3) management support of employees, (4) employee teamwork and collaboration, and (5) proactive identification of safety risk behaviors. However, we identified issues that, if left unresolved, could increase the risk that SPI will be unable to effectively meet its objective in the future.